The Beirut blast victim, 98, who was a long-standing supporter of Zionism
Extraordinary life of Lady Cochrane has been painstakingly unravelled, including her support for the early Jewish state and difficulties of selling property as a Lebanese citizen
Jenni Frazer is a freelance journalist
A 98-year-old woman, who died as a result of injuries sustained in last month’s Beirut port explosion, was a unique figure in the Middle East — with links to Israel’s former president, Chaim Herzog, Britain’s Jewish community, and the early Zionist movement.
The extraordinary life of Lady Cochrane, born Yvonne Sursock, has been painstakingly unravelled by journalist Tal Schneider for Globes, the Israeli financial news site.
Known as the grande dame of Lebanese high society, Lady Cochrane, the widow of Sir Desmond Cochrane, Ireland’s one-time consul-general in Beirut, lived in the glamorous Sursock Palace in Beirut’s Christian quarter.
The palace, home to the aristocratic Sursock family for decades, was badly damaged in the port explosion, which killed 190 people and injured thousands more.
Ten years previously, after 20 years of renovation, the palace was opened to the public after serious damage during the Lebanese civil war.
But long before, Lady Cochrane’s family, the Sursock clan, played a pivotal part in the history of the Middle East. Yvonne Sursock was born in Naples, Italy, in 1922.
Her father, Alfred Bey Sursock, owned thousands of tracts of land in what became the state of Israel, including much of the Jezreel Valley, the Western Galilee, Haifa and Jaffa. He began buying the land in 1870 from the Turkish government.
By 1891, says Tal Schneider, “Zionist activists entered into negotiations with the Sursock family for land purchases. Bit by bit, plot by plot, properties were purchased by Zionist movement leaders Yehoshua Hankin, Laurence Oliphant, Arthur Ruppin, the Jewish National Fund, and the World Zionist Organization (WZO)”.
The Sursock family, probably uniquely among their peers, were sympathetic to the early Zionists and helped them with their land purchases.
But although the Sursocks sold huge amounts of land, they still retained many properties and plots in the new Jewish state. And in 1950, two years after the declaration of the state, Lady Cochrane embarked on a long legal battle to release her assets in Israel.
But she was repeatedly turned down under the Absentees’ Property Law of 1950, and Israel’s Development Authority took control of the Sursock holdings.
Working with her London lawyers, Lady Cochrane appealed to the British Jewish community, citing her family’s long support for the early Zionist movement.
Unfortunately for Lady Cochrane, the new state of Israel was not willing to set a precedent for compensation to a Lebanese citizen.
So in the late 1960s she turned for help to lawyer Chaim Herzog, whose approach was to focus on her citizenship of Ireland and Italy, as well as that of Lebanon. Herzog, through his law firm, Herzog, Fox and Ne’eman, also enlisted the help of his brother-in-law, Israeli Foreign Minister Abba Eban.
He reminded Eban that Lady Cochrane had the support of leading British Jewish figures, such as Sir Isaac Wolfson and Marks & Spencer chief Marcus Sieff. Eban was doubtful of success: he told Herzog that “to the best of my knowledge, there are no precedents for releasing absentee assets to ‘enemy subjects’ and also residents of an Arab state”.
Eventually Herzog decided to appeal to the Israeli High Court of Justice. Lady Cochrane brought out the big guns: she persuaded the former president of Lebanon, Camille Chamoun, to support her bid. And Chaim Herzog went to court in 1980 and successfully argued that because of her multiple nationalities — and the fact that her husband was an Irish diplomat — that her stay in Lebanon was “out of diplomatic necessity”. The court ruled in Lady Cochrane’s favour and a financial compensation agreement was signed.
It wasn’t a massive payout, but Yvonne Sursock had been determined to gain recognition of her family’s long-standing support for the early Zionist enterprise.
In a piquant pay-off, one of Lady Cochrane’s four children, Sir Roderick Cochrane, has now agreed with Chaim Herzog’s old law firm that all the historic papers connected with the case should be be transferred to the Chaim Herzog Foundation archive.
Chaim Herzog’s son, Isaac, now head of the Jewish Agency, told Globes: “My father was very concerned about this case because of the Zionist aspects. He had a well-developed sense of justice and felt this was the way to thank the Sursock family for agreeing to sell land to the ‘land redeemers’. He talked about this case for years; the case also connected him to Ireland [Chaim Herzog was born in Belfast and his father, Rabbi Isaac Herzog was the Chief Rabbi of Ireland before becoming Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel]”.
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